Vasovagal syncope: distinct features and management strategies in women

Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most common etiology of syncope affecting millions worldwide. VVS is significantly more prevalent in women who experience an overall higher symptom burden and experience a greater number of triggers and prodromal signs than men. Treatment options can be limited in their effectiveness The objectives of this review include describing the physiology, epidemiology, and presentation of VVS in women. Also, an up-to-date overview of available treatment modalities, including newer therapies for refractory VVS such as closed loop stimulation pacing and cardioneuroablation.