A Textual Analysis of Provincial “First-class Discipline” Construction Policies in China

This study examines the implementation of China's national "Double First-Class" initiative at the provincial level by analyzing local policy documents. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative content analysis and qualitative text analysis based on the classification of supply-oriented, environment-oriented, and demand-oriented policy instruments, to explore the policy tools and strategic narratives adopted by provincial governments. The results indicate that provincial governments mainly rely on supply-oriented tools, while the use of demand-oriented tools is significantly insufficient; provinces strategically adjust discipline investments according to local socio-economic characteristics and industrial demands, resulting in regional differences. The study concludes that although provincial responses are proactive and resource-intensive, their tendency toward homogenization and supply orientation raises concerns about systemic diversity, efficiency, and the sustainability of innovation ecosystems. It is recommended to further optimize policy tools to better balance the tension between national goals and local relevance, promoting the high-quality development of local universities.