A magnetic induction–based differential method for intracerebral hemorrhage lateralization

Magnetic induction technology (MIT), as a non-contact and non-invasive sensing approach, has shown great potential for detecting brain lesions since it is unaffected by skull shielding. However, most MIT-based studies on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have mainly focused on identifying the presence or estimating the volume of bleeding, while research on spatial localization has remained limited. In this study, a magnetic induction differential localization (MIDL) method was proposed to detect and localize ICH. A pair of symmetrically arranged detection coils was designed to sense the differential magnetic field perturbations caused by variations in the electrical conductivity and permittivity of brain tissues. The feasibility and response characteristics of the system were verified through numerical simulations and physical phantom experiments, followed by<i>in vivo</i>validation on eight New Zealand white rabbits with unilateral induced hemorrhages. The real and imaginary components of the differential signals were analyzed to investigate their correlation with the side and volume of hemorrhage. Both simulations and phantom experiments demonstrated opposite variation trends of the real and imaginary components for left- and right-side hemorrhages. Animal experiments further confirmed that, after the injection of 1 ml of blood, the signal variation amplitudes significantly exceeded the baseline deviation (P < 0.05), exhibiting opposite directions of change between the two hemispheres. These results indicate that the proposed MIDL method can effectively distinguish the hemorrhage side and provide a theoretical and experimental foundation for non-invasive localization of intracerebral hemorrhage using MIT.