The relationship between mode of delivery and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: a meta-analysis and systematic review
This meta-analysis suggests that C-section is associated with a moderately increased risk of ADHD in children. Both elective and emergency C-sections showed similar effects. However, limitations such as study heterogeneity, potential publication bias, and lack of genetic or biological mechanism data are to be acknowledged. Further research is needed to clarify causality and explore underlying mechanisms.
Authors
- J. Cheng-Chung Wei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8880-2322)
- Xue Pan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9264-8995)
- Han Mei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8587-5961)
- Xinyu Li
- Zehao Zheng
- Yue Qiu
- Yao Zheng
- Kaishan Hou
Institutions
- Shanxi Medical University (CN)
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (CN)
- Changzhi Medical College (CN)
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- PeerJ
- Published
- 2026-01-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20603
- Primary Topic
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00