Photosynthetic, Nutritional Efficiency, and Productivity of Fig Trees Under Pruning Management and Fertilization with Potassium Silicate in the Semi-Arid Region

Abstract Purpose The fig tree ( Ficus carica L.) is a remarkable species, demonstrating its adaptability to environments with consistently high temperatures, such as semi-arid regions. This adaptability underscores the importance of selecting the correct management for its cultivation, as it directly influences the plant's physiology and development, and consequently, its productivity. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of potassium silicate application and pruning management in fig trees to optimize photosynthetic efficiency, biomass accumulation, and productivity under a semi-arid climate. Methods The experimental design employed was a randomized block design in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, with five blocks and one plant per plot. The treatments consisted of five potassium silicate doses (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) applied foliarly, along with three numbers of productive branches (3, 6, and 9). Results Applying potassium silicate at doses (0.5%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) associated with six and nine productive branches increased the photosynthesis of fig trees. The 0.5% dose produced subtle changes in the photosynthetic processes of fig trees, primarily reflected in productivity, resulting in increases of 59.91% in productivity and 49.08% in dry matter accumulation in the aerial parts of the plants. Conclusions The application of potassium silicate, combined with pruning management, optimized the phytotechnical variables of the 'Roxo de Valinhos' fig tree under semi-arid conditions. Fig trees with six productive branches subjected to applications of 0.5% potassium silicate showed significant improvements in leaf gas exchange, increased net photosynthesis, and a considerable increase in biomass accumulation and plant productivity. Highlights Potassium silicate is an appropriate way to apply Si to the fig tree "Roxo de Valinhos." Potassium silicate, when used in pruning management, optimized the phytotechniques characteristics of the fig tree "Roxo de Valinhos." Applying potassium silicate increased net photosynthesis, biomass accumulation, and productivity.