Is Parkinson’s disease getting older? Demographic and modifiable determinants of age at onset in a large Italian tertiary care cohort

While demographic ageing largely accounts for the temporal increase in AAO, modifiable exposures, particularly cardiovascular/dysmetabolic comorbidities and environmental toxins, can significantly influence disease timing, though causal interpretation is limited by accumulation bias.

Authors

Daniela Calandrella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4803-0490)
A Bonomi
Ioannis U. Isaias (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3552-5144)
Anna Zecchinelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7092-7034)
Giorgio Sacilotto
Michela Zini
Francesca Del Sorbo
Gianni Pezzoli
Paola Soliveri
Elena Contaldi

Institutions

University of Würzburg (DE)
Centro Cardiologico Monzino (IT)
Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini (IT)
Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (DE)
Grigioni Foundation for Parkinson's disease (IT)
Orthopedic Institute (US)

Publication Details

Journal: Journal of Neurology
Published: 2026-01-16
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-025-13598-9
Primary Topic: Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Type: article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact: 0.00

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article

Is Parkinson’s disease getting older? Demographic and modifiable determinants of age at onset in a large Italian tertiary care cohort

Daniela Calandrella, A Bonomi, Ioannis U. Isaias, Anna Zecchinelli et al.

Jan 16, 2026

Journal of Neurology

Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

article

Is Parkinson’s disease getting older? Demographic and modifiable determinants of age at onset in a large Italian tertiary care cohort

Daniela Calandrella, A Bonomi, Ioannis U. Isaias, Anna Zecchinelli, Giorgio Sacilotto, Michela Zini, Francesca Del Sorbo, Gianni Pezzoli, Paola Soliveri, Elena Contaldi

January 16, 2026article en

Abstract

While demographic ageing largely accounts for the temporal increase in AAO, modifiable exposures, particularly cardiovascular/dysmetabolic comorbidities and environmental toxins, can significantly influence disease timing, though causal interpretation is limited by accumulation bias.

Journal of NeurologyVol. 273(2)

University of Würzburg (DE), Centro Cardiologico Monzino (IT), Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini (IT), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (DE), Grigioni Foundation for Parkinson's disease (IT), Orthopedic Institute (US)

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Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

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Is Parkinson’s disease getting older? Demographic and modifiable determinants of age at onset in a large Italian tertiary care cohort — Daniela Calandrella, A Bonomi, et al. · Journal of Neurology (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS