CONCEPT OF VISHAGHNA MAHAKASHAYA AS THE PHARMACOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF AGAD TANTRA: A CONCEPTUAL AND INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Background: Agad Tantra, the Ayurvedic discipline of toxicology, is fundamentally based on the principles of Vishaghna (anti-toxic) chikitsa. Among the pharmacological classifications described by Acharya Charaka, Vishaghna Mahakashaya represents a unique group of ten drugs specifically indicated for the neutralization and management of poisons (Visha). This Mahakashaya serves as a conceptual and therapeutic cornerstone for both acute and chronic toxicological conditions. Objective: To critically review and analyse the concept of Vishaghna Mahakashaya as described in Charaka Samhita and establish its role as the pharmacological foundation of Agad Tantra through classical interpretation and contemporary scientific correlation. Methods: A comprehensive review of classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita with commentaries, supported by secondary references from Nighantus and modern research databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, DHARA, and AYUSH Research Portal, was conducted. Conceptual analysis was carried out to correlate classical Vishaghna properties with modern pharmacological actions. Results: Vishaghna Mahakashaya comprises ten drugs—Haridra, Manjishtha, Suvaha, Sukshma Ela, Palindi, Chandana, Kataka, Shirisha, Sindhuvara, and Shleshmantaka—which collectively exhibit anti-toxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and tissue-protective actions. These drugs effectively address various stages of Visha pathogenesis as described in Ayurveda. Conclusion: Vishaghna Mahakashaya provides a comprehensive pharmacological framework for Agad Tantra. Its drugs not only counteract poisons but also correct systemic derangements caused by Visha, making it highly relevant in contemporary toxicology, environmental poisoning, and integrative medicine.