Prevalence of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Among Diabetes Patients in Indonesia: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) represent one of the most severe and costly complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), contributing substantially to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure, both in Indonesia and globally.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and the Indonesian Journal Portal (Garuda), following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The review included open-access primary studies published between January 2015 and October 2025 that reported the prevalence of DFUs among patients with diabetes in Indonesia. Data from four eligible studies were extracted and critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Toolsforprevalence studies. Results: The reported prevalence of DFUs ranged from 9.08% to 16.2% in tertiary referral hospitals and approximately 12% in regional hospitals. DFUs accounted for more than 15% of diabetes-related hospital admissions. Furthermore, the rate of non-traumatic lower-limb amputations among patients with DFUs ranged between 14% and 30%. Conclusion: DFUs remain a common complication of diabetes and a major contributor to diabetes-related morbidity in Indonesia. These findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen preventive strategies, routine screening, and multidisciplinary management of diabetic foot conditions nationwide.