Retention of Maxillary Denture Bases Fabricated Using Three Different Border Moulding and Final Impression Materials: A Comparative Experimental Study

Introduction: Denture dislodgement is prevented by retention and stability which in turn depends on the optimum extension of a denture base. Development of border seal is of utmost importance to maintain the contact between the denture and the adjacent vestibular tissue, achieved by border moulding. Establishing a correlation between the final impression and border moulding materials and the improvement of denture base retention will help to ameliorate post insertion patient satisfaction. The rationale of this study was to identify the best materials for border moulding and final impression to improve denture retention, stability, and fit. Aim: To compare maxillary complete denture retention with three different types of materials used for border moulding and final impression. Materials and Methods: The present comparative experimental study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, GNIDSR, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, involving 10 completely edentulous patients of either from November 2017 till July 2019, making use of three different border moulding and impression techniques to fabricate maxillary denture bases, whose retention was measured using a digital force gauge. Subjects were analysed for retention in three different groups: Group A (Green stick + Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE), Group B (Addition silicone putty + light body), Group C (Polyether). Statistical analysis for the study was done using version 24.0 of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and 5th version of GraphPad Prism Statistical analysis was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and student’s t-test and significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Ten edentulous patients (mean age range of 50-70 years, 60% females and 40% males) were analysed for retention. Demographic parameters considered were age, gender and oral health status of the patient. ANOVA and student t-test was used for statistical analysis (p<0.05 was considered significant). Group A and B showed similar retention and both showed significant higher retention than Group C. Mean retention values were highest in Group A (4599.4000), followed by Group B (3605.5000) and Group C (2526.9000), respectively. Conclusion: Green stick border moulding proved to be more retentive followed by addition silicone putty with polyether exhibiting the least retention. Sectional moulding is more retentive than single step emphasising the importance of incremental adaptation. The findings confirm that border moulding technique and material selection is highly impactful on patient satisfaction and denture retention.