Questionnaires Pedagogical methodology supported by cloud computing tools for developing educational web and mobile applications

This supplementary file presents the classroom observation instrument used in the study, along with the descriptive and statistical analysis derived from its application to 12 students. The instrument examines learning objectives, cloud computing tools, interaction and participation, assessment and feedback mechanisms, as well as challenges and opportunities associated with the use of cloud-based educational technologies. This file is provided in compliance with Heliyon (Elsevier) guidelines and is intended to complement the main manuscript without duplicating essential content.