Green Digital Transformation Strategies and Energy Independence: Evidence from Emerging Economies (2010–2024)

The transition toward sustainable and independent energy systems have accelerated across emerging economies, driven by the convergence of digital transformation and green strategy. This study investigates how the adoption of digital transformation strategies enhances energy independence and sustainability performance in emerging economies between 2010 and 2024. By constructing a Green Digital Strategy Index (GDSI) integrating indicators of digital readiness, renewable energy deployment, and innovation capacity, we examine the strategic links between digitalization and sustainable energy transition. Using panel data from World Bank, International Energy Agency (IEA), and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) sources, we employ fixed-effects and random-effects regression models to assess relationships between digital indicators, energy imports, and renewable energy share. Findings reveal that nations demonstrating higher GDSI values achieve greater energy independence, reflecting the synergistic impact of digital infrastructure, R&D intensity, and renewable energy investments. The study underscores the role of strategic digital-green alignment in strengthening national energy resilience, enhancing competitiveness, and supporting policy frameworks for sustainable growth.