Mechanical regulation of metabolism, epigenetics, and their interplay

Mechanical cues from the cellular microenvironment critically influence cell behavior, fate, and function through coordinated regulation of metabolism and gene expression. This review discusses how mechanical signals are sensed and transduced into biochemical responses that reshape metabolic pathways and the epigenetic landscape. We highlight emerging evidence linking mechanotransduction, metabolic reprogramming, and chromatin modifications, and propose directions for future research to unravel how mechanical forces orchestrate this dynamic and reciprocal interplay.