Application of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Review)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and irreversible lung condition characterized by airflow limitation. Current treatments primarily aim to alleviate symptoms, especially dyspnea. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nanoscale lipid bilayer particles secreted by living cells, are present in various bodily fluids, including blood, urine and ascites. These vesicles have an important role in intercellular communication and are linked to COPD progression. The present review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying COPD pathogenesis, highlighting the notable involvement of EVs, and also examines the advances that have been made in terms of the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs in COPD management. .