Bioelectronic medicine in the rehabilitation of diseases: Opportunities and challenges

Bioelectronic medicine is a discipline that employs various electronic devices and technologies to diagnose, treat, and monitor biological systems and diseases. With continuous technological advancement, numerous bioelectronic devices are now utilized as independent therapeutic interventions or as adjunct treatments, and their applications continue to expand. This article briefly outlines the discovery process of several common electrophysiological signals in the human body and focuses on diverse electrical stimulation technologies. Their applications in the nervous system, cancer treatment, tissue regeneration and repair, and cardiovascular therapy are discussed, along with the underlying mechanisms of action. Furthermore, the rapid development of artificial intelligence and technological innovation has significantly broadened the scope and application of bioelectronic medicine. Finally, the current limitations and future prospects of bioelectronic medicine are explored.