A phenomenological study identifying the factors influencing technological development in swimming of Iraq

Aim: The present study aimed to identify and explain the factors affecting the technological development of swimming in Iraq. Methods: This study employed a qualitative approach utilising a descriptive phenomenological method to investigate the experiences and perspectives of practitioners and experts regarding swimming and technology in Iraq. The research participants included specialists in sports technology, experienced coaches and swimmers, managers and officials from the swimming federation, as well as individuals with expertise in technology and swimming in Iraq. Purposive sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached, resulting in 15 interviews. Semi-structured interviews facilitated data collection, while data analysis was conducted utilising Colaizzi's method (1978). The findings' validity was ensured by having the coding reviewed and confirmed by the interviewees, while the reliability of the interviews was assessed and validated through process audit and intra-subject agreement. Results: Data analysis identified 106 factors influencing the technological development of swimming in Iraq, categorised into five primary themes. The first theme, "Stakeholders' lived experience of the current state of technology in swimming," includes three sub-themes: "Perception of the current level of technological infrastructure in swimming," "Assessment of technological knowledge and skills," and "Understanding existing supports and barriers." The second theme, "Potential facilitating factors for technological development," comprises three sub-themes: "Existing capacities for upgrading infrastructure," "Needs and motivations for learning and applying technology," and "Opportunities arising from policymaking and support." The third theme, "Challenges facing technological development," features three sub-themes: "Structural and cultural constraints," "Executive and operational barriers," and "Risks and concerns related to technology." The primary theme of "Proposed Solutions for Technological Development" was organised and elucidated through three sub-themes: "Strategies for Improving Infrastructure and Access," "Strategies for Enhancing Human Knowledge and Skills," and "Strategies for Effective Policymaking and Support." The primary theme of "Perspectives and consequences of technological development in swimming" is organised into three sub-themes: "Expectations of the impact of technology on athlete performance," "Perceptions of changes in coaching and management processes," and "Social and cultural consequences of technological development." Conclusion: this research identifies the key factors influencing the technological development of swimming in Iraq, as perceived by experts in swimming and sports technology. The findings offer a foundational framework for policymakers, sports managers, and other stakeholders to formulate and execute effective operational programmes. Focusing on these factors and prioritising interventions accordingly can yield effective solutions for enhancing technological standards and advancing the sport of swimming in Iraq.