The Impact of Family Dynamics on Suicidal Ideation and Substance Use: Examining Lived Experiences of Persons Who Use Drugs (PWUDs)

Suicide remains a pressing global public health issue, especially among vulnerable populations such as Persons Who Use Drugs (PWUD). Guided by the integrated motivational-volitional (IMV) model of suicidal behavior and the transactional theory of stress and coping, this study explores the lived experiences of Filipino PWUDs with suicidal ideation, focusing on family dynamics—parental relationships, caregiving, cohesion, and adaptability. The study uses Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to analyze in depth interviews with six (6) PWUDs in rehabilitation at the Department of Health - Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation Center, Agusan del Sur, Philippines. Results show that parental separation, neglect, and low family cohesion created a motivational context of defeat and entrapment. Acute triggers such as domestic violence, grief, and rejection further intensified suicidal ideation. Ongoing rejection and emotional neglect sustained these feelings. Rehabilitation emerged as both a risk and protective factor. It initially created feelings of separation but eventually fostered resilience through faith, therapy, and peer support. The findings highlight the centrality of family-based vulnerabilities and support in the emergence and mitigation of suicidality. This underscores the importance of integrating family-centered approaches in suicide prevention and substance rehabilitation programs.