Nature-based solutions as an approach to empower community in programming Curug Kulon green space

Nature-based solution (NBS) has become tools to improve environmental resilience and reduce temperature increases due to global climate change. Although many green spaces are still underutilized and have little ecological, social, or economic value, they are essential to this mission. At the same time, previous research has established NbS as an integrated framework for environmental management, climate adaptation, and its practical implementation, particularly in urban contexts. This study examines the case of Curug Kulon in Tangerang Regency, where green spaces are neglected and only marginally used for urban agriculture. Through land potential analysis and Focus Group Discussions with local stakeholders, the study identified key strategies for programming green spaces based on the socio-cultural characteristics of the community. The results demonstrate (1) the possibility of creating multipurpose land uses, (2) the conversion of local residents into proactive promoters and advocates of environmental conservation, and (3) the incorporation of green space functions as educational areas, productive landscapes, and ecological buffers. Research recommends a participatory framework to improve climate resilience based on community empowerment by developing urban green space program and provides a concept of green space sustainable management.