Scalable High-Pressure Exfoliation of MoS ₂ : Structural and Electrochemical Properties

A high-pressure homogenization approach for exfoliating molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been validated and presented as an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional methods. The process was carried out in an aqueous solution containing sodium dodecyl sulfate, serving as a green solvent system. The exfoliation efficiency was determined by UV–vis spectroscopy from nanosheet concentrations after centrifugation, considering the influence of the homogenization pressure and processing cycles. The maximum concentration obtained was 0.19 g/L at the highest applied pressure, with homogenization pressures investigated in the range of 500–1500 bar, and the number of cycles selected to correspond to processing times up to 2 h. Material properties, including thickness, lateral dimensions, and structural defects, were characterized through Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and microscopy techniques. The performance of the GEA PANDA 2000+ homogenizer was critically examined to highlight both its capabilities and its limitations in processing layered nanomaterials. Electrochemical testing showed that the exfoliated MoS2 had improved properties, including higher capacitance and enhanced charge transport. These results confirm its potential as a high-performance material for supercapacitor applications.