A Quantitative, Explainable, and Reproducible Model for Card Auditing

Current collectible card grading systems are predominantly based on low-resolution discretescales and partially subjective qualitative criteria. While such approaches are efficientin high-volume grading contexts, they exhibit structural limitations when applied to highvaluecards or in all cases where full technical explainability of the assigned score is required.The demand for objective evaluation of the preservation state of collectible cards issteadily increasing, and these artifacts are increasingly regarded as assets comparable totraditional safe-haven goods such as gold, diamonds, luxury watches, and similar items.This work presents a quantitative card auditing model based on physically measurablequantities, dimensionally coherent normalizations, and continuous aggregation functions.The model explicitly separates local conservation defects from global defects (print qualityand general wear), treating them with the same mathematical structure while preservingconceptual independence. The result is a continuous, reproducible, and auditable evaluationsystem in which every score loss can be traced back to an identifiable physical cause.