Fulvic acid–functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles enhance Chinese kale tolerance to saline–alkali stress via antioxidant and metabolic reprogramming
Fulvic acid functionalization substantially enhanced the stress-mitigation potential of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NP, with FFA conferring significant improvements in growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant defense, gene regulation, and metabolic reprogramming, suggesting its potential as a nano-biofertilizer for saline-alkali soils.
Authors
- Sri Koerniati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8082-9390)
- Raheel Shahzad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6825-9778)
- Putri Widyanti Harlina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9504-7252)
- P. V. N. Prasad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2882-986X)
- I. Djalovic
- Jinqiu Wang
Institutions
- Kansas State University (US)
- Indonesian Institute of Sciences (ID)
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops (RS)
- Chengdu University (CN)
- Ministry of Environment (KR)
- Padjadjaran University (ID)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BMC Plant Biology
- Published
- 2026-01-15
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08105-9
- Primary Topic
- Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00