A functional axis of mastication and respiration in cognitive function: A narrative review

Mastication and respiration are not merely peripheral functions but are deeply integrated with the central nervous system, forming a critical axis for brain development, plasticity, and function. Dysfunction in this axis, particularly during sensitive developmental windows, may lead to long-term impairments in memory, motor control, and affective regulation. This integrated model highlights the clinical importance of early interventions in dental, orthodontic, and respiratory health to support lifelong neurological well-being.