Dietary Defective Jujube as a Corn Substitute: Impacts on Growth Performance, Meat Traits, and Alternaria Toxin Exposure in Lambs

This study evaluated the effects of replacing corn with defective jujube (DJ) on growth, digestibility, blood biochemical indices, meat performance, and the presence of <i>Alternaria</i> toxin residues in Karakul lambs. Thirty-six lambs were split into groups given 0%, 15%, or 30% DJ, replacing 0%, 45.45%, and 90.91% of corn. The trial lasted 75 days, with 15 days for adaptation and 60 days for measurement. Digestibility for crude protein and ether extract of male lambs increased in the DJ30 group over CON (<i>p</i> < 0.05). High-density lipoprotein decreased in DJ30 (<i>p</i> < 0.01), while triglycerides and total cholesterol in DJ30 dropped (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen and aspartate aminotransferase decreased in DJ15 and DJ30 (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Superoxide dismutase and catalase rose in DJ30 (<i>p</i> < 0.01), while malondialdehyde declined (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 increased in DJ30 (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Feeding DJ did not affect meat production or quality. No <i>Alternaria</i> toxins were detected in rumen, liver, or meat. Feeding 15-30% DJ improved nitrogen utilization, lipid metabolism, and blood antioxidant levels in lambs and reduced the risk of liver damage, while no <i>Alternaria</i> toxin remained in organs. A 30% DJ substitution for corn is a safe strategy for lamb feeding.