Ensuring global interoperability in thermometry: challenges and strategic considerations

The redefinition of the kelvin has ushered in a new era for thermometry, emphasizing the need for robust global interoperability and traceability. This paper explores the multifaceted challenges associated with maintaining these standards in a rapidly evolving scientific landscape. Central to this discussion is the role of the Consultative Committee for Thermometry (CCT), which oversees the establishment, realization and dissemination of the international temperature scales and thermodynamic temperature. CCT plays a critical role in harmonizing international standards, ensuring there is global consistency in temperature measurement. Furthermore, the evolving role of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) in the International System of Units, post the redefinition of the kelvin in 2019, highlights the increasing importance of decentralized and quantum-based measurement techniques. NMIs are now tasked with developing and disseminating advanced, intrinsically accurate sensors that could operate reliably and independently of traditional standards. That is through delivering in situ traceability and reliability of temperature measurement across diverse applications. This paper discusses these critical topics, examining the collaborative efforts and the long-term CCT strategy required to sustain global interoperability in thermometry. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'The redefined kelvin: progress and prospects'.