From Thriving to Stressing: Distinct Roles of Autonomy Satisfaction and Frustration in Adolescents' Learning Behaviors and Academic Outcomes

Autonomy satisfaction and frustration are distinct and uniquely predictive of Chinese adolescents' academic and psychological outcomes. Differentiating these constructs is crucial for understanding student motivation and informing interventions. Gender-sensitive strategies may enhance effectiveness in supporting student autonomy and reducing school burnout.