Effectiveness of early warning scores in predicting in-hospital mortality and adverse events in adult general-ward patients in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

Evidence in LMIC wards is largely observational and frequently based on statistical simulations with small samples; it should not be interpreted as proof of clinical effectiveness. Before widespread adoption, rigorous local validation and recalibration, along with multicentre, pragmatic implementation studies, are needed to define thresholds, workflows and escalation pathways appropriate to LMIC health-system capacity.