Social interaction and spatial values toward sustainability and resilience in Islamic urban pilgrimage settlements

Islamic urban pilgrimage kampungs in Southeast Asia face increasing pressures from modernization and environmental risk, yet religious spatial values continue to structure social interaction and everyday resilience. Empirical studies highlight the role of mosque- and waqf-based practices in sustaining cohesion, neighborhood and kinship networks in preparedness, and shared alleys and markets as arenas of socio-economic negotiation. However, comparative and longitudinal evidence remains limited, inclusivity across gender and ethnic groups is uneven, and few studies operationalize spatial-religious values into resilience metrics. This article synthesizes theoretical and empirical scholarship on the intersections of social interaction, religious significance, sustainability, and resilience in pilgrimage kampungs, while proposing a replicable agenda for research and practice. A Systematic Literature Review was conducted using query transformation, criteria-based screening, and citation chaining, yielding five thematic clusters. Critical synthesis is organized through the EGAP Matrix (Evidence-Gap-Action-Priority) and an MCDA-inspired, score-free priority map. Findings emphasize socially embedded resilience frameworks and adaptive communal networks, while revealing major gaps in methodological integration and measurement tools. The study advances actionable directions, including multi-site longitudinal designs, gender-sensitive co-production models, and spatial-value indicator toolkits, to inform urban planning and community-based heritage governance in Islamic pilgrimage kampungs.