Curcumin-Loaded Nanoemulsions: Advances in Formulation Strategies and Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Applications

Curcumin, the principal bioactive compound of Curcuma longa, has drawn significant attention for its potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, its clinical translation remains limited due to poor solubility in aqueous environments, rapid degradation, and extremely low oral bioavailability. In recent years, nanoemulsion-based delivery systems have emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these barriers. By encapsulating curcumin within nanoscale oil-in-water emulsions, researchers have achieved enhanced solubility, improved physicochemical stability, and more efficient absorption across biological membranes. Preclinical studies demonstrate that curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions exhibit superior anti-inflammatory activity compared to free curcumin, as evidenced by greater suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced oxidative stress, and more effective modulation of key signalling pathways in both in vitro and in vivo models. These advances highlight nanoemulsions not only as carriers that protect curcumin from degradation but also as facilitators of targeted and sustained therapeutic action. Future directions should prioritise large-scale clinical evaluations, standardised formulation protocols, and clear regulatory frameworks to ensure safety, reproducibility, and patient accessibility. Overall, curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions represent a compelling avenue for harnessing the therapeutic potential of curcumin, particularly for managing inflammation-driven disorders. Keywords: Curcumin, Nanoemulsion, Drug delivery, Anti-inflammatory therapy, Bioavailability, Clinical translation