Multi‐Hazard Wind‐Seismic Vibration Mitigation of Tall Buildings Using Tuned Mass Damper Inerter (TMDI) and Structural Modification: Numerical Optimization and Experimental Validation

ABSTRACT Tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) control systems are widely studied solutions for mitigating excessive wind‐induced vibrations in tall buildings, addressing occupant discomfort and serviceability concerns. While several numerical studies have explored various types of inerters and configurations, their feasibility and experimental validations for global structural response remain limited. This study addresses this critical gap by investigating the effectiveness of a TMDI system for mitigating wind‐ and seismic‐induced vibrations in a 42‐story reinforced concrete benchmark building through numerical and experimental approaches. For this purpose, a low‐order linear‐elastic planar model of the building is used to optimize TMDI parameters under a quasi‐stationary spatially correlated wind force field accounting for vortex shedding effects in the across‐wind direction. Two control strategies are examined: (1) TMDI‐control and (2) TMDI‐control with top‐story softening. The tuned parameters are then used in time‐domain simulations under wind excitations from various angles of attack. Real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is employed, where the scaled primary structure and linear TMD are numerically modeled, while a physical rack‐and‐pinion inerter serves as the experimental substructure. Numerical and experimental results under wind and service‐level seismic excitations demonstrate that both control approaches effectively reduce floor displacements and accelerations, even though the TMDI was originally tuned for wind excitations. Close agreement between numerical results and experimental measurements validates the implementation. However, slight discrepancies in floor‐wise responses suggest beneficial nonlinear energy dissipation from the physical inerter system. These findings highlight the robustness of TMDI under wind and earthquake scenarios and the potential advantages of mechanical nonlinearities.