Converting cocoa farms into gold mines – negotiations, compensation and outcomes for farmers in Ghana
• Formal or informal negotiations occur in cocoa farm conversions for mining. • Negotiations are influenced by factors which cause suboptimal outcomes. • Factors are information asymmetry, social connections, intimidation and collusion. • Formal compensations were lump sums and below reference rates. • Informal compensations were share arrangements and comparatively higher.
Authors
- Christine Bosch
- Boateng Kyereh
- Regina Birner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-952X)
- Josephine Montford
Institutions
- University of Hohenheim (DE)
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (GH)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Resources Policy
- Published
- 2026-01-15
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2026.105843
- Primary Topic
- Cocoa and Sweet Potato Agronomy
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00