From Classics to Nano-Excipients and Biopolymers: Pulmonary Drug Delivery Formulations

In this article, a systematic review and analysis of the present literature is conducted, regarding the excipients present in dry powder inhaler formulations. Until now, there has been no list of excipients recorded, specifically for DPIs, with the number of approved excipients for pulmonary delivery being restricted, despite their choice as a pivotal step for the formulating process. Understanding the DPI formulations, physicochemical characteristics, efficiency, and release profiles, demonstrated in detail here, could contribute to their application in future studies and be a useful research tool in the choice of excipients in the field of inhalation technology and specifically DPIs.