Defensive Desert

ABSTRACT When aiming to justify the infliction of harm upon a culpable wrongdoer, the notion of desert most readily finds its home within the context of punishment. Thus, according to one dominant theory of punishment, retributivism, a wrongdoer deserves the hard treatment constitutive of punishment. In this paper, I argue that desert can play a role in helping justify certain types of defensive action. Specifically, I aim to show how desert‐based reasons can help justify seemingly futile defensive efforts. Importantly, this justification does not stem from the idea that the victim of an attack may “draw against punishment” in seeking to avert a threat, but rather from the belief that culpable aggressors deserve to be resisted.

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Publication Details

Journal
Philosophy &amp Public Affairs
Published
2026-01-14
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1111/papa.70013
Primary Topic
Free Will and Agency
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Defensive Desert

William L. Bell
Philosophy &amp Public Affairs
Free Will and Agency
article

Defensive Desert

William L. Bell
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT When aiming to justify the infliction of harm upon a culpable wrongdoer, the notion of desert most readily finds its home within the context of punishment. Thus, according to one dominant theory of punishment, retributivism, a wrongdoer deserves the hard treatment constitutive of punishment. In this paper, I argue that desert can play a role in helping justify certain types of defensive action. Specifically, I aim to show how desert‐based reasons can help justify seemingly futile defensive efforts. Importantly, this justification does not stem from the idea that the victim of an attack may “draw against punishment” in seeking to avert a threat, but rather from the belief that culpable aggressors deserve to be resisted.

Philosophy &amp Public Affairs
Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Peace, Justice and strong institutions
Openalex Percentile: Top 88%
Free Will and Agency
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