Formulation and Evaluation of Phytosomal Gel of Hesperidin

Background: Hesperidin possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity but exhibits limited topical efficacy due to poor solubility and low skin permeability. Phytosomal systems can enhance dermal delivery of such phytoconstituents. Materials and Methods: Hesperidin–phospholipid phytosomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration method and optimized based on particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The optimized formulation (F6) was incorporated into a Carbopol 934 gel and evaluated for physicochemical properties. In-vitro diffusion studies were performed using Franz diffusion cells, while FTIR analysis and release kinetics were also assessed. Results: The optimized phytosomes showed nanosized vesicles (168 nm), stable zeta potential, and high entrapment efficiency (85.52%). The phytosomal gel exhibited acceptable physicochemical characteristics and sustained drug release, achieving 95.6% release within 8 h. FTIR confirmed compatibility, and drug release followed the Higuchi model (R² = 0.985). Conclusion: The hesperidin phytosomal gel enhanced solubility, skin permeation, and sustained drug release, demonstrating its potential for effective topical antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy. Keywords: Hesperidin; Phospholipid; Thin-film hydration method; Phytosomes; Topical gel; In-vitro drug release studies.