Genetic insights into coronary heart disease in the Teochew population: Bridging gaps in precision medicine

This editorial highlights the study by Xu <i>et al</i> on genetic polymorphisms linked to coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Teochew population. This study adjusted odds ratios for confounding factors including age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes. It identifies the apolipoprotein E ε2 allele and higher lipoprotein (a) kringle IV-2 (<i>KIV-2</i>) copy number as protective factors against CHD. The ε2 allele was found at a lower frequency in CHD patients (8.02%) compared to controls (13.29%), and each additional <i>KIV-2</i> copy reduced CHD risk by approximately 5% (odds ratio = 0.949). Conversely, solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 polymorphisms showed no significant link to CHD. These findings underscore the importance of population-specific research, particularly for the Teochew population, where CHD is prevalent. They provide a foundation for precision risk stratification and targeted interventions, including lipoprotein (a)-lowering therapies for those with lower <i>KIV-2</i> copy numbers. Despite limitations, the study emphasizes the need for further research incorporating multi-omics data and lifestyle factors to enhance personalized CHD prevention, moving away from "one-size-fits-all" approaches. This research is essential for leveraging genetic insights into global CHD prevention.