Risk factors for early mortality and severe intraventricular hemorrhage in extremely preterm infants with gestational age <28 weeks: a retrospective case-control study

Elevated Max VIS, increased MCA-RI, vaginal delivery, and small gestational age are independent risk factors for early mortality and severe intraventricular hemorrhage in EPIs. Each is a valuable predictor of adverse outcomes, and their combination demonstrates the highest predictive value, providing significant clinical reference for the early management of these high-risk neonates.