Hemoporfin photodynamic therapy affects secretion, uptake, and function of human umbilical vein endothelial cell-derived exosomes via apoptosis and autophagy

Our study demonstrated that HMME-PDT significantly affects the secretion, uptake, and function of HUVEC-derived exosomes through apoptosis and autophagy. Exosomes derived from HUVECs have been implicated in the interaction network between autophagy and apoptosis following HMME-PDT. These findings suggest a promising strategy for engineering exosomes as photosensitizer delivery platforms to enhance the clinical efficacy of HMME-PDT.