Millimeter-Wave Permittivity Characterization of 3D Printing Materials

In this study, we characterize the permittivity of various commercially available materials commonly used in 3D printing within the millimeter-wave range of 70–110 GHz using an open-waveguide extraction method. This approach enables accurate, efficient measurement without strict sample shaping or alignment requirements, making it ideal for millimeter-wave applications. We report the complex permittivity of seven PLA variants and two types of resins, highlighting key features and practical challenges in high-frequency characterization. The results support the integration of 3D-printed materials in future 6G devices such as antennas and metasurfaces.