Determinants of Smoking Relapse Among Indonesian Children: A National Cross-Sectional Analysis Using Global Youth Tobacco Surveillance Data

The findings indicate that children's smoking relapse in Indonesia is shaped by distinct behavioral trajectories. Relapse was influenced by the widespread availability of single-stick cigarettes, pervasive marketing, peer dynamics, and relatively affordable prices. These results underscore the urgent need for a comprehensive strategy that includes substantially increasing excise taxes, eliminating single-stick sales, and fully banning tobacco advertising. Simultaneous implementation of these measures is crucial to prevent relapse and interrupt the progression toward lifelong nicotine addiction.