Reforming pharmacy education in Japan: insights from the 2022 model core curriculum in a global context

In response to demographic changes, technological innovation, and the increasing complexity of healthcare, Japan revised its Model Core Curriculum (MCC) for pharmacy education in 2022 (hereafter, the 2022 MCC). This reform aims to develop pharmacists with lifelong competencies, the ability to integrate emerging science and technology into practice, and strong interprofessional collaboration competencies. It represents a shift from traditional knowledge-based education to competency- and outcome-based education that addresses evolving societal needs in healthcare and pharmacy. This commentary outlines the key principles and evolution of the 2022 MCC. Faced with challenges such as population aging, declining birth rates, and healthcare system modernisation, Japanese pharmacy education is undergoing significant change. The 2022 MCC enhances practical clinical training, promotes community-oriented healthcare, and encourages scientific inquiry and problem-solving competencies among pharmacists. To support international collaboration and knowledge exchange, an English translation of the 2022 MCC Revised Edition has been published. As many countries face similar demographic and technological challenges, Japan's experience may provide useful insights to support the modernisation of pharmacy education globally.