Energy expenditure in a junior male dwarf para-powerlifter: a case study utilising indirect calorimetry and accelerometry

Nutrition guidelines specific to short stature athletes are lacking. Achondroplasia, the most common cause for disproportionate short stature (dwarfism), potentially increases resting energy requirements. Therefore, for the first time, this case study aimed to establish the resting metabolic rate (RMR), physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), and total energy expenditure (TEE) of a dwarf para-powerlifter across rest and training days. A second aim was to determine the suitability of RMR prediction equations recommended for use in athletic populations. RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry on four occasions (two days post-competition, one day post-training, one- and three-days post-training camps). PAEE was monitored using a wrist-worn accelerometer for two 7-day periods. The thermic effect of feeding was estimated; therefore, TEE was inferred. RMR was greater 1- and 3-days post-training camps (1896 and 1992 kcal∙day−1, respectively) than post-training (1613 kcal∙day−1) and post-competition (1409 kcal∙day−1). PAEE and TEE was similar between rest and training days (PAEE, 957 and 948; TEE, 2715 and 2705 kcal∙day−1, respectively). Accuracy of RMR prediction equations utilised ranged from − 580 to + 189 kcal∙day−1 when compared to measured RMR post competition and training. Underestimation was greater (−412 ± 107 kcal∙day−1) post training camps. Results highlight the importance of establishing the energy requirements of dwarf para-athletes, particularly because prediction equations were not accurate in this case study. Further investigation of energy demands during training camps, particularly the relationship of workload on energy expenditure, are now warranted in a larger population.