Ultrarapid Electrosynthesis of HOF-102 Enables Multiscale Removal of Uremic Toxins

Current hemodialysis with chronic kidney disease (CKD) struggles with toxin removal efficiency and adsorbent biocompatibility. Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) offer metal-free chemical stability, tunable pore size distribution, and abundant surface functional groups, making them promising candidates for miniature artificial kidney development and toxin removal applications. However, the efficient and scalable synthesis of HOFs has proven to be challenging. Here, we report that HOF-102 can be synthesized electrochemically within 60 min at room temperature, achieving a 95% yield on a gram scale. The resulting HOF-102 exhibits exceptional crystallinity and a high BET surface area (2431 m2 g–1), enabling efficient capture of toxin molecules across various size ranges. HOF-102 demonstrates superior adsorption capacities for urea, lysozyme, and bilirubin (137, 124, and 195 mg g–1, respectively) through complementary mechanisms: hydrogen bonding for small molecules, size-selective capture for proteins, and π–π stacking for aromatic toxins. More importantly, HOF-102 exhibits outstanding biocompatibility and high selectivity. This rapid, scalable synthesis and outstanding performance of HOF-102 meet crucial biocompatibility requirement for wearable artificial kidneys and personalized dialysis systems.