Visible Space, Invisible Labour: Waste Work as Assemblages in South African Cities

Abstract This article sheds light on the often-invisible labour of informal waste reclaimers and the visible city spaces they occupy in South Africa. Using Deleuzoguattarian assemblage theory and Colin McFarlane’s, 2011 article on assemblages and critical urbanism as framework, we consider how various spaces for sourcing, sorting, and storing recyclable materials affect waste reclaimers’ lives and livelihoods. This is done by referring to original data from 1259 waste reclaimer surveys conducted in 25 South African towns and cities in 2023. By examining the rhizomatic dynamics between waste reclaimers, collected recyclable materials, and the spaces they occupy and work in, the article discusses how spatial constraints and opportunities shape waste reclaimers’ ability to act. It also delves into the broader implications of waste reclamation in the context of urban development and social inequality, underscoring the need for recognition of this essential work. This article provides a nuanced understanding of waste reclaimers movement in space, which is vital in reframing the public’s perception of their contribution, which in turn enhances their visibility and holds the potential to positively impact their livelihoods.