Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite powders with PVDF and SiO ₂ by the hydrothermal method for biomedical applications

Abstract This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite (HAP) powders using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and silica gel (SiO 2 ) via the hydrothermal method. The objective was to develop a biocompatible and bioactive material with desirable morphological features that would enhance its potential biomedical applications. The hydrothermal synthesis involved the dispersion of PVDF and SiO 2 within a controlled environment with simultaneous precipitation of HAP. The resulting HAP powders were characterized using various techniques, including PXRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and TGA, to evaluate the material purity, phase composition, and structural morphology. Nano-HAP powders were synthesized via the hydrothermal method using PVDF and SiO 2 . Characterization techniques confirmed high purity, crystallinity, porous morphology, and thermal stability. Bioactivity and cytotoxicity tests showed excellent cell adhesion, growth, and safety. Uniform dispersion in PVDF and suitable porosity suggest potential for tissue engineering, bioactive coatings, and bone scaffolds. Initial in vitro studies confirmed non-cytotoxicity, supporting biomedical applications, with further work on implant coatings underway. Cytotoxicity tests revealed high cell viability, suggesting low toxicity and strong support for human fibroblast proliferation. Morphological analyses validated homogeneous fiber structure and particle distribution. The obtained results indicate that nano HAP powders with regulated, enhanced, or favorable shapes can be successfully formed to support cell growth, making them a promising material for biomedical applications.