Geospatial and Cell Density Analysis Using Multiplex Immunofluorescence Reveals an Important Role of Clustering Patterns of Immunosuppressive Macrophages in Survival Outcomes of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Immune cell density and spatial organization within the TIME are associated with survival outcomes in PSCC. Favorable patterns involving helper T cells and M1 macrophages correlate with improved survival, whereas clustering of M2 macrophages is associated with poorer outcomes, supporting the relevance of spatial immune profiling in this disease.
Authors
- Jad Chahoud (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8435-0264)
- Keerthi Gullapalli
- Gabriel Roman Souza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5498-2351)
- Philippe Edouard Spiess
- Adnan Fazili (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9180-9966)
- Junmin Whiting (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-5200)
- J. Hallanger Johnson
- Firas Hatoum
- Youngchul Kim
- Carlos Moran Segura
- Justin Miller
- Jasreman Dhillon
- Jonathan Nguygen
Institutions
- Orlando Health (US)
- University of South Florida (US)
- Moffitt Cancer Center (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Cancers
- Published
- 2026-01-14
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18020257
- Primary Topic
- Genital Health and Disease
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00