Recent advances in tuberculosis treatment: Towards shorter, safer, and more effective therapies

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the leading infectious cause of death globally. Although effective treatments are available, treatment length, drug toxicity, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains have challenged TB control efforts. Current clinical trials are focused on developing shorter, safer, and more effective regimens that incorporate both new and repurposed agents for the treatment of TB. This narrative review provides an overview of current and emerging treatment options for drug-susceptible, drug-resistant, and latent TB based on recent clinical trials and WHO guidelines.