Landscape Features Restorative Value and Sensory Dimension

Campus green public spaces within educational institution settings are increasingly recognized for their potential to support human’s well-being. However, most research has focused on natural or softscape elements, overlooking the possible contributions of other landscape features. Addressing this gap, this study investigates the restorative potential of various physical features in campus green public spaces. The research was conducted in Wisdom Park, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Data collection involved questionnaires distributed to 72 respondents through on-site surveys. The questionnaire combined open-ended questions to capture general perceptions, Likert-scale evaluations of restorative value across softscape, hardscape, and blue space features, and assessments of Perceived Sensory Dimensions (PSD). Respondents rated the restorative value of each feature, while additional questions assessed the strength of each PSD dimension and the landscape elements associated with them. Results show that softscape features, particularly trees, received the highest restorative ratings, reaffirming nature’s dominant role in supporting recovery. Several hardscape elements also scored well—especially those that facilitate social interaction, such as seating areas, bridges, and view decks. Supporting this, the PSD analysis revealed that the “nature” and “rich in species” dimensions were perceived as the strongest and most restorative. Notably, the “social” dimension received a high restorative value, indicating that spaces enabling social interaction are deeply valued by users. These findings that social engagement plays a vital role in human restoration, particularly within educational settings. For urban designers and planners, these insights highlight the importance of integrating not only ecological features but also socially supportive infrastructure into campus green spaces.