Land use indicators and causes of death patterns in South America: a correlation, PCA and regression analysis

This study explores the link between land use and land cover change (LUCC) and causes of death (CD) in South America from 1990 to 2021. Key LUCC indicators (agricultural land, arable land, hectares per person, and forest area) were analyzed using correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and linear regression. Findings show that reduced LUCC indicators correlate with higher mortality from cancers, particularly skin melanoma, colon, and pancreatic cancers. PCA revealed that declines in LUCC contribute to environmental pollution and increased cancer risks. Temporal trends showed rising rates of colon cancer and stroke, while leukemia declined. Environmental factors such as pesticide exposure and air pollution were significant contributors. The study emphasizes the need for policies integrating LUCC management with public health strategies to reduce disease risks. Limitations include regional focus and lack of age-specific data, suggesting future research should focus on specific areas and age groups.