AUTISTIC ADULTS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITY DEVELOPMENT: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL AND A RESEARCH AGENDA

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in cognition, behavior and social interaction, often necessitating lifelong care and support. Recent epidemiological studies indicate a marked global rise in ASD diagnoses, a trend frequently described as an “autism epidemic.” In the United States, for instance, prevalence estimates have risen from 1 in 150 children in 2000 to approximately 1 in 31 in recent years. This upward trend spans across racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups, underscoring the widespread scope of the phenomenon. As more autistic individuals reach adulthood, workforce inclusion remains a persistent challenge, reflected in high unemployment rates and limited career opportunities shaped by enduring social marginalization and stigma. This growing prevalence highlights an urgent societal need to design services that promote well-being and labor market inclusion for autistic adults. This study contributes to this effort by improving understanding of the service needs of autistic entrepreneurs as a pathway to greater inclusion. Drawing on concepts from developmental and educational psychology, cognitive neuroscience, business management, strategy, and entrepreneurship, we propose an integrative meta-model derived from a systematic literature review. The model is primarily focused on autistic entrepreneurs who require Level 2 support, individuals who benefit from substantial, though not continuous, assistance in social communication and adaptive functioning, and analyzes how their cognitive and behavioral responses influence the identification and pursuit of entrepreneurial opportunities. Ultimately, this framework aims to inform the development of tailored support services that foster autonomy, self-determination and social inclusion through entrepreneurship.