Education against antisemitism. A scoping review

Abstract The purpose of this scoping review is to examine the availability of empirical studies on the effectiveness of educational programs addressing antisemitism, to identify existing educational initiatives, and to highlight the gap between civil society-driven educational efforts and systematic research on their impact. Despite the assumption that education is key to reducing antisemitism, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of these programs is limited. Out of the results from five databases ( n = 3855 studies), only six studies were identified that assess the impact of these interventions using empirical methods. In contrast, a comparatively large number of concrete training manuals ( n = 24) were found in the search results and considered in this review. The six studies demonstrate a wide methodological range, making direct comparisons difficult but revealing potential for further exploration. The findings emphasize the need for more rigorous evaluations, particularly regarding long-term impacts and addressing various forms of contemporary antisemitism, including Israel-related antisemitism and conspiracy theories. Voluntary participation and the role of educators were identified as key factors influencing program success. This review contributes to the broader discourse on antisemitism education by mapping current research and practical approaches and highlighting the need for future empirical studies to improve the effectiveness of these programs.