Prevalence and factors associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in a multiethnic Asian country

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) at the general population level in Malaysia is not known. This research aimed to determine the MALFD prevalence and the associated factors among adults in the country. The study utilised a cross-sectional study design with a two-stage stratified random sampling method across all states and federal territories in Malaysia. The data collection period was between July and September 2023, which included face-to-face interviews, clinical examinations, and venepuncture. MAFLD was defined as having a fatty liver (Fatty Liver Index of 60 or more) and the fulfillment of one or more of the three conditions: obesity or overweight, two or more abnormal metabolic risks, or having diabetes. There were 1,011 participants, and the MALFD prevalence was 28.2% (95% confidence intervals of 24.6% to 32.1%). Males, those with abdominal obesity, higher diastolic blood pressure, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, alanine aminotransferase, glycosylated haemoglobin A1c, and triglycerides had higher odds of having MAFLD. The Chinese ethnicity had the lowest odds for the condition compared to the Malay ethnic group. In short, MAFLD is common and of public health interest in Malaysia. Multidisciplinary and collective actions are needed from health policymakers, public health personnel, and physicians to manage the MAFLD epidemic in the country.