Potential application of Luffa cylindrica fibers in gypsum-based composites

Social evolution has intensified the search for materials in the construction industry, a situation that exacerbates waste production and high consumption of energy and non-renewable inputs. Given this scenario, it is essential to seek sustainable alternatives through the use of materials that can minimize waste production and environmental impacts. Luffa cylindrica, also known as vegetable loofah, can be incorporated into gypsum composites (widely used in construction) to produce sustainable, strong, lightweight, and environmentally friendly materials, with a positive impact on construction, the environment, and the economy. This study aims to verify the potential of Luffa cylindrica fibers as reinforcement in gypsum-based composites, evaluating their interaction with gypsum matrices through physical and mechanical analysis. Five formulations were produced with different fiber contents (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0%). The results demonstrated that the inclusion of vegetable sponge fibers did not significantly affect bulk density or short-term water absorption, likely due to the high lignin content. There was no change in the thermal resistance of the composites across treatments. These preliminary findings indicate that gypsum composites reinforced with up to 10% Luffa cylindrica fibers maintain stable physical and thermal properties, meeting the minimum flexural strength requirements established by EN 13279-1 (2008). Therefore, the proposed material proves to be a valid and effective sustainable alternative for civil construction applications, without compromising the performance of conventional gypsum.